CONSOLIDATION

Consolidation Apparatus , Single Cell
Ref. Standard: IS:2720 (Part 15), IS:12287, BS:1377, ASTM D2435

EKE 125:

Consolidation of clay deposits leads to distress in building such as cracks and failures. Consolidation is the reduction of volume of soil due to expulsion of water from its pore space caused by sustained loading. This phenomenon is time dependent. The one-dimensional consolidation test performed on an undisturbed sample of clay is useful for understanding the history of the soil deposit. The test results can be used for calculating the settlement of structures built on clayey soil.

The standard outfit comprises of a fixed ring type of consolidometer   cell for testing specimens of varying sizes from 50 mm dia. to 100 mm dia. can also be tested. Besides , the same loading unit can be used with floating ring consolidometer cells, which can be supplied at extra cost.

The standard outfit is supplied with a set of weights to give a total pressure of 10 kg/cm² (besides as seating load of 0.05 kg/cm² on the specimen) , but ad additional set of weights are required to reach the full capacity of 20 kg/cm²

It Consists of :-
•    No. Of loading units mounted on Single frame. : One

Consolidation Cell Assembly consists of the following : 

•    Fixed ring with Guide Ring : One
•    Top Porous Stone : One
•    Bottom Porous Stone : One
•    Pressure Pad : One
•    Channelled base with water inlet: One
•    Gasket : One
•    Water Jacket : One
•    Set of Weights : 7 x 0.05 kg/cm², 5 x 0.1 kg/cm², 6 x 0.2 kg/cm², 6x 0.5 kg/cm², 5 x 1.0 kg/cm² : One
•    Water Reservoir with plastic tube , T Connection and a pinch cock.: One
•    Dial gauge , 5 mm travel, 0.002 mm least count -

Consolidation Apparatus , Three Cell
Ref. Standard: IS:2720 (Part 15), IS:12287, BS:1377, ASTM D2435

EKE 127:

Consolidation of clay deposits leads to distress in building such as cracks and failures. Consolidation is the reduction of volume of soil due to expulsion of water from its pore space caused by sustained loading. This phenomenon is time dependent. The one-dimensional consolidation test performed on an undisturbed sample of clay is useful for understanding the history of the soil deposit. The test results can be used for calculating the settlement of structures built on clayey soil.

Electronic Measurement System:
•    Digital readout reduces the possibility of operator error
•    Direct reading in mm
•    Plug – transducer module system
•    Facility for connecting readout unit to compatible logging or printing system
•    Electronic sensing parts are easy to couple with existing ENKAY Models

Electronic measurement of the vertical consolidation of soil specimen, using a displacement transducer connected to a precalibrated   readout unit, offers an operator all the advantages of digital display without the errors which can occur when reading conventional dial gauges.

The basic equipment for mounting a test comprises a readout unit and one transducer module for connection to one consolidation frame. Consolidation is measured by mounting the transducer in the same position as a conventional dial gauge. The movement of the transducer stem  acts in exactly the same way as would the dial gauge spindle and is converted into an electrical signal. The signal is then displayed in true  engineering units on the readout unit. 
 
It Consists of :-
•    No. Of loading units mounted on Single frame. : Three
Consolidation Cell Assembly consists of the following : 
•    Fixed ring with Guide Ring : Three
•    Top Porous Stone : Three
•    Bottom Porous Stone : Three
•    Pressure Pad : Three
•    Channelled base with water inlet: Three
•    Gasket : Three
•    Water Jacket : Three
•    Set of Weights : 7 x 0.05 kg/cm², 5 x 0.1 kg/cm², 6 x 0.2 kg/cm², 6x 0.5 kg/cm², 5 x 1.0 kg/cm² : Three
•    Water Reservoir with plastic tube , T Connection and a pinch cock.: Three

Electronic Instrumentation System:

•    Displacement Sensor 0-10 mm complete with 3 m long cable (Side entry) mounting bracket : Three
•     Consolidation indicator, Single Channel - One

The Geotechnical Software for Testing, Analysis and Reporting for Consolidation

EKE 10125:

The analysis and reporting of following Tests ca be performed:
•    Unconsolidated Undrained Trxaxial Test
•    Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Test
•    Consolidated drained Test
•    Direct/Residual Shear Test
•    CBR Test 
•    One dimensional Consolidation Test
 
The package of software are supplied as required by the purchaser and are accessed an activation license supplied by ENKAY allowing the customer to build up a software on an “as required basis” depending upon the need.

Common features for all Tests :
•    The software allows selection of British / Indian Standards for 
•    Tests can be performed in SI, imperial or metric Units
•    Clear and easy to use, Test information is presented on menu driven screen
•    Each package guides  through test the procedure in a very user friendly way.
•    A data base is set up to store and manage completed analysis records. Currently Ms – Access is offered as default database. For other data base system like SOL etc.. such third party license is required to be obtained by the user.
•    The software directly reads the data format for analysis from StarDAQ
•    An option to enter the data manually and save it in a format understood by Software makes the system so flexible for those, who have only the experimental set up without the automatic Data Acquisition or Data Logging System
•    Extensive search functions are available based on Date of Analysis. Analysis done by different user accounts, or search based on duration etc. For easy retrieval of old data.
•    The default reports are generated automatically, in crystal reports and can be printed directly. The report can also be exported to word, Excel or pdf formats and the usage is governed by the third party license that are available with the users.
•    Customisable Report Header/Footer
•    The inbuilt utilities include Master Unit Converter , Unit Conversion Calculator, besides the normal and Scientific System Calculators  
•    Data base back up and restore facilities are available
•    Complete user activity logging is available

Special Features & Graphs Available With Consolidation Software :
•    Calculate by density , initial void ratio and moisture content of specimen.
•    Calculate the pre consolidation pressure of the soil
•    Software should be user friendly with option for manual as well as automatic recording system
•    Plot time Vs effective stress increments. It should the Cc, Mv, Av, Cv and Cs values for the desired loading cycles

Consolidation Front Loading Oedometer 
Ref. Standard BS 1377:5; ASTM D2435, D3877, D4546; AASHTO T216; CEN ISO/TS 17892-5
 
EKE 0300:

EKE 0300: Consolidation Front Loading Oedometer (Consolidation)
EKE 0302: Bench for, Consolidation, 3 Oedometer Capacity
EKE 0307: Consolidation Cell for High Pressure , Φ50 mm
EKE 0309: Consolidation Cell for High Pressure , ASTM Φ63.5 mm (2.5”)
EKE 0311: Consolidation Cell for High Pressure , BN/EN, Φ75 mm
EKE 0317: Calibration disc for Φ  50 mm Consolidation cell (EKE 0307), Stainless Steel
EKE 0319: Calibration disc. for Φ 63.5 mm Consolidation cell (EKE 0309), Stainless Steel
EKE 0321: Consolidation disc for Φ 75 mm consolidation cell (EKE 0311), Stainless Steel
EKE 0120: Analog Dial Gauge , 30 x 0.01 mm
EKE 0148: Digital Dial Gauge  25 x 0.01 mm , LCD Display
EKE 0152: Digital Dial Gauge  12.7 x 0.001 mm , LCD Display
EKE 0060: Linear Potentiometric Displacement Transducer , 10 x 0.001 mm
EKE 0062: Linear Potentiometric Displacement Transducer , 25 x 0.001 mm
EKE 0072: High Accurate Strain Gauge based Displacement Transducer , 50 x 0.001 mm
EKE 0078: High Accurate Strain Gauge based Displacement Transducer , 50 x 0.001 mm
EKE 0320: Static Unilogger , 4 Channel Data Acquisition Unit
EKE 0325: Static Unilogger , 8 Channel Data Acquisition Unit
EKE 0330: ENKAY Software for Consolidation test
EKE 0332: Apparatus for prepare Consolidation Sample for Φ 50 mm, samples
EKE 0334: Apparatus for prepare Consolidation Sample for Φ 63.5 mm, samples
EKE 0336: Apparatus for prepare Consolidation Sample for Φ 75 mm, samples

The EKE 0300 Front Loading Oedometer is rigidly constructed to ensure minimum frame distortion . The frame is designed to load the specimen through a lever arm assembly and one of three alternative beam ratios 9:1 and 11:1. The beam is fitted with a counter balance weight and beam support jack. The cell platform will accept the complete range ENKAY consolidation cell and is fitted with a central spigot to ensure accurate centering of the cell under the loading.

The ENKAY fixed consolidation cells are manufactured from corrosion – resistant materials and conform to the requirements of the relevant standards. An integral water reservoir is incorporated in the cell which allows the specimen to be inundated when required. All cells are supplied complete with upper and lower porous disc, pressure pad and cutting (specimen) ring.

The one – dimensional Consolidation test is used to determine the consolidation characteristics of soils of low permeability

Tests are carried out on specimens  prepared from undisturbed samples. Data obtained from these tests together with classification data and a knowledge of the soils loading history, enables estimates to be made of the behavior of foundations under load. Consolidation cell, Dial gauge or displacement transducer and data logger, bench, weights, apparatus for prepare consolidation sample and calibration disc should be ordered separately.
 

Data Acquisition & PC Software

EKE 0320 or EKE 0325:
   
4 or 8 channel static uniloggers (EKE 0320 or EKE 0325) are used for recording displacement data over time
•    High resolution : 260,000 points
•    Serial port for PC and printer connection
•    CPU card by microprocessor 32 bit ARM risk architecture
•    4 or 8 analogical channels for displacement transducers

The ENKAY consolidation software is developed according to ASTM D2435, D3877, BS 1377:5 and AASHTO T216 standard to use with static unilogger systems. The displacement transducers are connected to unilogger and unilogger is connected to PC by RS232 serial output. The software is capable monitoring the chance of displacement data over times. The user can start recording of vertical displacement and stop current recording prose’s. The user can entire  time intervals (or select fixed time intervals) and stress for calculation consolidation test data.

The consolidation software have 8 different columns which can be set to different normal load values. The user can also manually enter the vertical displacement to these columns. The time – displacement pairs are down to square root time logarithmic time graphs. The software can calculating engineering terms like as square root t90, t95, t100, mv, Cv. These calculation are done respect to the standards requirements by using best line algorithms . Since these parameters require an engineering perspective while making comments, all test data and graphs are exported to Microsoft Excel for further investigations.

•    Foreign Language Support and Customizable User Interface
•    Graphical outputs and reports can be saved as a MS Excel worksheet
•    Maximum flexibility to edit report and graph templates

Sets of Weight for Consolidation:

Pneumatic Consolidation Apparatus

EKE 127-4:

Consolidation is reduction of volume of soil due to expulsion of water from its pore spacer caused by sustained loading. It is time dependent. The one dimensional consolidation test results can be used for calculating the settlement of structures built on clayey soil.

Conventional Mechanical type Consolidation Apparatus use Dead Weights on loading yoke for application of pressure which have chances of human error resulting in some variation application of normal pressure on the sample.

To overcome this problem , ENKAY has come out with a Pneumatic model which totally eliminates chances of such error taking place.

Features:-
•    Bench Model
•    Compact & Easy to operate
•    Adjustable Upper Cross Beam
•    Instantaneous loading without impact
•    Maintains the load regardless of sample compression
•    Application of Pressure – Smooth & error free
•    No vitiation Applied Pressure over longer duration
•    Model available with Data Acquisition & Analysis Software
•    Integral digital simplifies checking the load applied & set up or pre determined load

Technical Specifications :-
•    Capacity (Pressure) – 10 kg/cm²
•    Pressure Cell – 20 kg/cm²
•    Least Count – 0.01 kg/cm²
•    LVDT – 0-10 mm
•    Least Count – 0.001 mm
•    Consolidation – Indicator 1 No
•    Memory – 2 MB
•    Sample – 60 mm dia. x 20 mm thick
•    Display of pressure & Displacement
•    Provision for testing samples of diameter varying from 50 to 100 mm

Note 1 : Compressed Air is needed to operate the machine, Compressor with Moisture Trap (if required) can be supplied at extra cost.

Note 2: If Data acquisition and Analysis Software are ordered , they are integrated into the indicator.
 

Laboratory Permeability Apparatus 
Ref. Standard : IS: 2720 (Part 17), IS:11209

EKE 131:

For testing soil with coefficient of permeability in the range of 10³ to 10-7 cm/sec and maximum particle size of 10 mm

Supplied with the following:  

• EKE 13101: Stand with three glass tubes of 6mm, 
   10mm and 20mm
• EKE 13102: Metallic Mould 100mm dia. x 127.3mm 
   height, 1000ml volume
• EKE 13103: Extension Collar, 100mm dia. x 60mm 
   height
• EKE 13104: Drainage Base Plate with a recess for 
   Porous Stone and an Outlet Valve
• EKE 13105: Metallic Clamping Ring
• EKE 13106 :Drainage Cap with recess for a Porous 
   Stone and fitted with Inlet valve and air 
   release valve
• EKE 13107: Dummy Plate to serve as False Bottom 
   during Compaction
• EKE 13108: Porous Stone for Drainage Base Plate
• EKE 13109: Porous Stone for Drainage Cap
• EKE 13110: Rubber Connection Tube, 3m long, with 
   pinch  Cock

Optional Accessories for Constant Head Method:
EKE 13111: Overhead Tank , made of steel , approx. 37.5 cm dia. and 1 m high. It is provided with an inlet port at the top, six outlets at the bottom with cocks, air inlet and water filling tube at the top. An arrangement is provided to indicate the water level.
EKE 11002: Rammer, 2.6 kg x 310 mm controlled fall
EKE 11102 :Rammer , 4.9 kg x 450 mm controlled fall

Swelling Test Apparatus

EKE 132:

It is designed to determine the swelling pressure developed by soil specimens moulded to desired densities at known moisture contents, when soaked in water. The load applied to restrain the swelling is transferred to a load measuring proving ring through a perforated swell plate and a load transfer bar. The proving ring is attached to the lead screw of hand operated load frame. A soaking tank is provided for saturating the specimen and the base of the mould has channels and radial grooves with connecting holes.

Swell Test Apparatus Supplied with the following:-  

•  EKE 063: Load Frame, Hand Operated Capacity 50kN (5,000 kgf)
•  EKE 11001: Mould, 100mm dia x 127.3mm height (1,000 ml Volume) with base plate and collar
•  EKE 265: Proving Ring, with integral boss, high sensitivity  2.5 kN (250 kgf) capacity 
•  EKE 072: Dial Gauge 25 mm travel, 0.01 mm least count
•  EKE 13201: Perforated Swell Plate, 100mm dia. x 16mm thick
•  EKE 13202: Spacer, 100mm dia. x 12.7mm thick
•  EKE 13203: Pair of Porous Stones, 100mm dia. x 12.7mm thick
•  EKE 13204: Load Transfer Bar
•  EKE 13205: Steel Ball
•  EKE 13206: Soaking Tank, 250mm dia. x 210mm high